G4ElectroVDNuclearModel.cc

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// $Id: $
//
// Author:  D.H. Wright
// Date:    1 May 2012
//
// Description: model for electron and positron interaction with nuclei
//              using the equivalent photon spectrum.  A real gamma is 
//              produced from the virtual photon spectrum and is then 
//              interacted hadronically by the Bertini cascade at low
//              energies.  At high energies the gamma is treated as a 
//              pi0 and interacted with the nucleus using the FTFP model.
//              The electro- and photo-nuclear cross sections of
//              M. Kossov are used to generate the virtual photon
//              spectrum.
//

#include "G4ElectroVDNuclearModel.hh"

#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"

#include "G4ElectroNuclearCrossSection.hh"
#include "G4PhotoNuclearCrossSection.hh"

#include "G4CascadeInterface.hh"
#include "G4TheoFSGenerator.hh"
#include "G4GeneratorPrecompoundInterface.hh"
#include "G4ExcitationHandler.hh"
#include "G4PreCompoundModel.hh"
#include "G4LundStringFragmentation.hh"
#include "G4ExcitedStringDecay.hh"
#include "G4FTFModel.hh"

#include "G4HadFinalState.hh"


G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::G4ElectroVDNuclearModel()
 : G4HadronicInteraction("G4ElectroVDNuclearModel"),
   leptonKE(0.0), photonEnergy(0.0), photonQ2(0.0)
{
  SetMinEnergy(0.0);
  SetMaxEnergy(1*PeV);

  electroXS = new G4ElectroNuclearCrossSection();
  gammaXS = new G4PhotoNuclearCrossSection();      
  ftfp = new G4TheoFSGenerator();
  precoInterface = new G4GeneratorPrecompoundInterface();
  theHandler = new G4ExcitationHandler();
  preEquilib = new G4PreCompoundModel(theHandler);
  precoInterface->SetDeExcitation(preEquilib);
  ftfp->SetTransport(precoInterface);
  theFragmentation = new G4LundStringFragmentation();
  theStringDecay = new G4ExcitedStringDecay(theFragmentation);
  theStringModel = new G4FTFModel();
  theStringModel->SetFragmentationModel(theStringDecay);
  ftfp->SetHighEnergyGenerator(theStringModel);

  // Build Bertini model
  bert = new G4CascadeInterface();
}


G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::~G4ElectroVDNuclearModel()
{
  delete electroXS;
  delete gammaXS;
  delete ftfp;
  delete preEquilib;
  delete theFragmentation;
  delete theStringDecay;
  delete theStringModel;
  delete bert;
}

    
void G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::ModelDescription(std::ostream& outFile) const 
{
  outFile << "G4ElectroVDNuclearModel handles the inelastic scattering\n"
          << "of e- and e+ from nuclei using the equivalent photon\n"
          << "approximation in which the incoming lepton generates a\n"
          << "virtual photon at the electromagnetic vertex, and the\n"
          << "virtual photon is converted to a real photon.  At low\n"
          << "energies, the photon interacts directly with the nucleus\n"
          << "using the Bertini cascade.  At high energies the photon\n"
          << "is converted to a pi0 which interacts using the FTFP\n"
          << "model.  The electro- and gamma-nuclear cross sections of\n"
          << "M. Kossov are used to generate the virtual photon spectrum\n";
}


G4HadFinalState*
G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::ApplyYourself(const G4HadProjectile& aTrack, 
                                       G4Nucleus& targetNucleus)
{
  // Set up default particle change (just returns initial state)
  theParticleChange.Clear();
  theParticleChange.SetStatusChange(isAlive);
  leptonKE = aTrack.GetKineticEnergy();
  theParticleChange.SetEnergyChange(leptonKE);
  theParticleChange.SetMomentumChange(aTrack.Get4Momentum().vect().unit() );
 
  // Set up sanity checks for real photon production 
  G4DynamicParticle lepton(aTrack.GetDefinition(), aTrack.Get4Momentum() );
  G4int targZ = targetNucleus.GetZ_asInt();
  G4int targA = targetNucleus.GetA_asInt();
  G4Isotope* iso = 0;
  G4Element* ele = 0;
  G4Material* mat = 0; 
  G4double eXS = electroXS->GetIsoCrossSection(&lepton, targZ, targA, iso, ele, mat);

  // If electronuclear cross section is negative, return initial track
  if (eXS > 0.0) {
    photonEnergy = electroXS->GetEquivalentPhotonEnergy();
    // Photon energy cannot exceed lepton energy
    if (photonEnergy < leptonKE) {
      photonQ2 = electroXS->GetEquivalentPhotonQ2(photonEnergy);
      G4double dM = G4Proton::Proton()->GetPDGMass() + G4Neutron::Neutron()->GetPDGMass();
      // Photon
      if (photonEnergy > photonQ2/dM) {
        // Produce recoil lepton and transferred photon
        G4DynamicParticle* transferredPhoton = CalculateEMVertex(aTrack, targetNucleus);
        // Interact gamma with nucleus
        if (transferredPhoton) CalculateHadronicVertex(transferredPhoton, targetNucleus);
      }
    }
  }
  return &theParticleChange;
}


G4DynamicParticle*
G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::CalculateEMVertex(const G4HadProjectile& aTrack,
                                           G4Nucleus& targetNucleus)
{
  G4DynamicParticle photon(G4Gamma::Gamma(), photonEnergy,
                           G4ThreeVector(0.,0.,1.) );

  // Get gamma cross section at Q**2 = 0 (real gamma)
  G4int targZ = targetNucleus.GetZ_asInt();
  G4int targA = targetNucleus.GetA_asInt();
  G4Isotope* iso = 0;
  G4Element* ele = 0;
  G4Material* mat = 0;
  G4double sigNu =
    gammaXS->GetIsoCrossSection(&photon, targZ, targA, iso, ele, mat);

  // Change real gamma energy to equivalent energy and get cross section at that energy 
  G4double dM = G4Proton::Proton()->GetPDGMass() + G4Neutron::Neutron()->GetPDGMass();
  photon.SetKineticEnergy(photonEnergy - photonQ2/dM);      
  G4double sigK =
    gammaXS->GetIsoCrossSection(&photon, targZ, targA, iso, ele, mat);
  G4double rndFraction = electroXS->GetVirtualFactor(photonEnergy, photonQ2);

  // No gamma produced, return null ptr
  if (sigNu*G4UniformRand() > sigK*rndFraction) return 0;

  // Scatter the lepton
  G4double mProj = aTrack.GetDefinition()->GetPDGMass();
  G4double mProj2 = mProj*mProj;
  G4double iniE = leptonKE + mProj;               // Total energy of incident lepton
  G4double finE = iniE - photonEnergy;            // Total energy of scattered lepton
  theParticleChange.SetEnergyChange(finE-mProj);
  G4double iniP = std::sqrt(iniE*iniE-mProj2);    // Incident lepton momentum
  G4double finP = std::sqrt(finE*finE-mProj2);    // Scattered lepton momentum
  G4double cost = (iniE*finE - mProj2 - photonQ2/2.)/iniP/finP;  // cos(theta) from Q**2
  if (cost > 1.) cost= 1.;
  if (cost < -1.) cost=-1.;
  G4double sint = std::sqrt(1.-cost*cost);

  G4ThreeVector dir = aTrack.Get4Momentum().vect().unit();
  G4ThreeVector ortx = dir.orthogonal().unit();   // Ortho-normal to scattering plane
  G4ThreeVector orty = dir.cross(ortx);           // Third unit vector
  G4double phi = twopi*G4UniformRand();
  G4double sinx = sint*std::sin(phi);
  G4double siny = sint*std::cos(phi);
  G4ThreeVector findir = cost*dir+sinx*ortx+siny*orty;
  theParticleChange.SetMomentumChange(findir);    // change lepton direction

  // Create a gamma with momentum equal to momentum transfer
  G4ThreeVector photonMomentum = iniP*dir - finP*findir;
  G4DynamicParticle* gamma = new G4DynamicParticle(G4Gamma::Gamma(),
                                                   photonEnergy, photonMomentum);
  return gamma;
}


void
G4ElectroVDNuclearModel::CalculateHadronicVertex(G4DynamicParticle* incident,
                                                 G4Nucleus& target)
{
  G4HadFinalState* hfs = 0;
  G4double gammaE = incident->GetTotalEnergy();

  if (gammaE < 10*GeV) {
    G4HadProjectile projectile(*incident);
    hfs = bert->ApplyYourself(projectile, target);
  } else {
    // At high energies convert incident gamma to a pion
    G4double piMass = G4PionZero::PionZero()->GetPDGMass();
    G4double piMom = std::sqrt(gammaE*gammaE - piMass*piMass);
    G4ThreeVector piMomentum(incident->GetMomentumDirection() );
    piMomentum *= piMom;
    G4DynamicParticle theHadron(G4PionZero::PionZero(), piMomentum);
    G4HadProjectile projectile(theHadron);
    hfs = ftfp->ApplyYourself(projectile, target);
  }

  delete incident;

  // Copy secondaries from sub-model to model
  theParticleChange.AddSecondaries(hfs);
}