G4CrossSectionDataStore.cc

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// $Id: G4CrossSectionDataStore.cc 94008 2015-11-05 10:06:41Z gcosmo $
//
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// GEANT4 Class file
//
//
// File name:     G4CrossSectionDataStore
//
// Modifications:
// 23.01.2009 V.Ivanchenko add destruction of data sets
// 29.04.2010 G.Folger     modifictaions for integer A & Z
// 14.03.2011 V.Ivanchenko fixed DumpPhysicsTable
// 15.08.2011 G.Folger, V.Ivanchenko, T.Koi, D.Wright redesign the class
// 07.03.2013 M.Maire cosmetic in DumpPhysicsTable
//
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#include "G4CrossSectionDataStore.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
#include "G4HadronicException.hh"
#include "G4HadTmpUtil.hh"
#include "Randomize.hh"
#include "G4Nucleus.hh"

#include "G4DynamicParticle.hh"
#include "G4Isotope.hh"
#include "G4Element.hh"
#include "G4Material.hh"
#include "G4NistManager.hh"
#include <algorithm>


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G4CrossSectionDataStore::G4CrossSectionDataStore() :
  nDataSetList(0), verboseLevel(0),fastPathFlags(),fastPathParams(),
  counters(),fastPathCache()
{
  nist = G4NistManager::Instance();
  currentMaterial = elmMaterial = 0;
  currentElement = 0;  //ALB 14-Aug-2012 Coverity fix.
  matParticle = elmParticle = 0;
  matKinEnergy = elmKinEnergy = matCrossSection = elmCrossSection = 0.0;
}

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G4CrossSectionDataStore::~G4CrossSectionDataStore()
{}


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G4double
G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetCrossSection(const G4DynamicParticle* part,
                                         const G4Material* mat , G4bool requiresSlowPath)
{
    //The fast-path algorithm
    //   requiresSlowPath == true => Use slow path independently of other conditions
    //A. Dotti: modifications to this algorithm following the studies of P. Ruth and R. Fowler
    //          on speeding up the cross-sections calculations. Their algorithm is called in the
    //          following "fast-path" while the normal approach to calcualte cross-section is
    //          referred to as "slow-path".
    //Some details on the fast-path algorithm:
    //The idea is to use a cached approximation of the material cross-section.
    //Starting points:
    //1- We need the material cross-section for navigation purposes: e.g. to calculate the PIL.
    //2- If this interaction occurs at the end of a step we need to select the G4Element on which
    //   nucleus the interaction is actually happening. This is done calculating the element cross-section
    //   throwing a random number and selecting the appropriate nucleus (see SampleZandA function)
    //3- To calculate the material cross section needed for 1- we use the G4Element cross sections.
    //   Since the material cross-section is simply the weighted sum of the element cross-sections.
    //4- The slow path algorithm here accomplishes two use cases (not very good design IMHO): it
    //   calculates the material cross-section and it updates the xsecelem array that contains the
    //   relative cross-sections used by SampleZandA to select the element on which the interaction
    //   occurs.
    //The idea of the fast-path algorithm is to replace the request for 1- with a faster calculation
    //of the material cross-section from an approximation contained in cache.
    //There two complications to take into account:
    //A- If I use a fast parametrization for material cross-section, I still need to do the full
    //   calculations if an interaction occurs, because I need to calculate the element cross-sections.
    //   Since the function that updates xsecelem is the same (this one) I need to be sure that
    //   if I call this method for SampleAandZ the xsecelem is updated.
    //B- It exists the possibility to be even fast the the fast-path algorithm: this happens when
    //   to select the element of the interaction via SampleZandI I call again this method exactly
    //   with the same conditions as when I called this method to calculate the material cross-section.
    //   In such a case xsecelem is updated and we do not need to do much more. This happens when
    //   for example a neutron undergoes an interaction at the end of the step.
    //Dealing with B- complicates a bit the algorithm.
    //In summary:
    // If no fast-path algo is available (or user does not want that), go with the old plain algorithm
    // If a fast-path algo is avilable, use it whenever possible.
    //
    // In general we expect user to selectively decide for which processes, materials and particle combinations
    // we want to use the fast-path. If this is activated we also expect that the cross-section fast-path
    // cache is created during the run initialization via calls to this method.
    //
    //fastPathFlags contains control flags for the fast-path algorithm:
    //             .prevCalcUsedFastPath == true => Previous call to GetCrossSection used the fast-path
    //                                              it is used in the decision to assess if xsecelem is
    //                                              correctly set-up
    //             .useFastPathIfAvailable == true => User requested the use of fast-path algorithm
    //             .initializationPhase == true => If true we are in Geant4 Init phase before the event-loop

    //Check user-request, does he want fast-path? if not
    // OR
    // we want fast-path and we are in initialization phase?
    if ( !fastPathFlags.useFastPathIfAvailable
        ||  (fastPathFlags.useFastPathIfAvailable&&fastPathFlags.initializationPhase) ) {
        //Traditional algorithm is requested
        requiresSlowPath=true;
    }

    //Logging for performance calculations and counter, active only in FPDEBUG mode
    counters.MethodCalled();
    //Measure number of cycles
    G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logStartCountCycles(timing);

    //This is the cache entry of the fast-path cross-section parametrization
    G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::cycleCountEntry* entry = nullptr;
    //Did user request fast-path in first place and are we not in the initialization phase
    if ( fastPathFlags.useFastPathIfAvailable && !fastPathFlags.initializationPhase ) {
        //Important: if it is in initialization phase we should NOT use fast path: we are going to build it
        //G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::G4CrossSectionDataStore_Key searchkey = {part->GetParticleDefinition(),mat};
        entry = fastPathCache[{part->GetParticleDefinition(),mat}];
    }

  //Super-fast-path: are we calling again this method for exactly the same conditions
  //of the triplet {particle,material,energy}?
  if(mat == currentMaterial && part->GetDefinition() == matParticle
     && part->GetKineticEnergy() == matKinEnergy) 
    {
      G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logInvocationTriedOneLine(entry);
      //If there is no user-request for the fast-path in first place?
      //It means we built the xsecelem for sure, let's return immediately
      if ( !fastPathFlags.useFastPathIfAvailable ) {
          return matCrossSection;
      } else {
          //Check that the last time we called this method we used the slow
          //path: we need the data-member xsecelem to be setup correctly for the current
          //interaction. This is ensured only if: we will do the slow path right now or we
          //did it exactly for the same conditions of the last call.
          if ( !fastPathFlags.prevCalcUsedFastPath && ! requiresSlowPath ) {
              counters.HitOneLine();
              G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logInvocationOneLine(entry);
              //Good everything is setup correctly, exit!
              return matCrossSection;
          } else {
              //We need to follow the slow-path because
              //xsecelem is not calculated correctly
              requiresSlowPath = true;
          }
      }
    }
  
  //Ok, now check if we have cached for this {particle,material,energy} the cross-section
  //in this case let's return immediately, if we are not forced to take the slow path
  //(e.g. as before if the xsecelem is not up-to-date we need to take the slow-path).
  //Note that this is not equivalent to the previous ultra-fast check: we now have a map here
  //So we can have for example a different particle.
  if ( entry != nullptr && entry->energy == part->GetKineticEnergy() ) {
      G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logHit(entry);
      if ( !requiresSlowPath ) {
          return entry->crossSection;
      }
  }

  currentMaterial = mat;
  matParticle = part->GetDefinition();
  matKinEnergy = part->GetKineticEnergy();
  matCrossSection = 0;

  //Now check if the cache entry has a fast-path cross-section calculation available
  G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::fastPathEntry* fast_entry = nullptr;
  if ( entry != nullptr && ! requiresSlowPath ) {
      fast_entry = entry->fastPath;
      assert(fast_entry!=nullptr && !fastPathFlags.initializationPhase);
  }

  //Each fast-path cross-section has a minimum value of validity, if energy is below
  //that skip fast-path algorithm
  if ( fast_entry != nullptr && part->GetKineticEnergy() < fast_entry->min_cutoff )
  {
      assert(requiresSlowPath==false);
      requiresSlowPath = true;
  }

  //Ready to use the fast-path calculation
  if ( !requiresSlowPath && fast_entry != nullptr ) {
      counters.FastPath();
      //Retrieve cross-section from fast-path cache
      matCrossSection = fast_entry->GetCrossSection(part->GetKineticEnergy());
      fastPathFlags.prevCalcUsedFastPath=true;
  } else {
      counters.SlowPath();
      //Remember that we are now doing the full calculation: xsecelem will
      //be made valid
      fastPathFlags.prevCalcUsedFastPath=false;

      G4int nElements = mat->GetNumberOfElements();
      const G4double* nAtomsPerVolume = mat->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume();

      if(G4int(xsecelm.size()) < nElements) { xsecelm.resize(nElements); }

      for(G4int i=0; i<nElements; ++i) {
          matCrossSection += nAtomsPerVolume[i] *
                  GetCrossSection(part, (*mat->GetElementVector())[i], mat);
          xsecelm[i] = matCrossSection;
      }
  }
  //Stop measurement of cpu cycles
  G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logStopCountCycles(timing);

  if ( entry != nullptr ) {
      entry->energy = part->GetKineticEnergy();
      entry->crossSection = matCrossSection;
  }
  //Some logging of timing
  G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::logTiming(entry,fast_entry,timing);
  return matCrossSection;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

void
G4CrossSectionDataStore::DumpFastPath(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd, const G4Material* mat,std::ostream& os)
{
    const G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::cycleCountEntry* entry = fastPathCache[{pd,mat}];
    if ( entry != nullptr ) {
        if ( entry->fastPath != nullptr ) {
            os<<*entry->fastPath;
        } else {
            os<<"#Cache entry for {"<<(pd!=nullptr?pd->GetParticleName():"UNDEFINED")<<",";
            os<<(mat!=nullptr?mat->GetName():"UNDEFINED")<<"} found, but no fast path defined";
        }
    } else {
        os<<"#Cache entry for {"<<(pd!=nullptr?pd->GetParticleName():"UNDEFINED")<<",";
        os<<(mat!=nullptr?mat->GetName():"UNDEFINED")<<"} not found.";
    }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

G4double
G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetCrossSection(const G4DynamicParticle* part,
                                         const G4Element* elm,
                     const G4Material* mat)
{
  if(mat == elmMaterial && elm == currentElement &&
     part->GetDefinition() == elmParticle &&
     part->GetKineticEnergy() == elmKinEnergy) 
    { return elmCrossSection; }

  elmMaterial = mat;
  currentElement = elm;
  elmParticle = part->GetDefinition();
  elmKinEnergy = part->GetKineticEnergy();
  elmCrossSection = 0.0;

  G4int i = nDataSetList-1;  
  G4int Z = G4lrint(elm->GetZ());
  if (elm->GetNaturalAbundanceFlag() &&
      dataSetList[i]->IsElementApplicable(part, Z, mat)) {

    // element wise cross section
    elmCrossSection = dataSetList[i]->GetElementCrossSection(part, Z, mat);

    //G4cout << "Element wise " << elmParticle->GetParticleName() 
    //     << " xsec(barn)= " <<  elmCrossSection/barn 
    //     << "  E(MeV)= " << elmKinEnergy/MeV 
    //     << " Z= " << Z << " AbundFlag= " << elm->GetNaturalAbandancesFlag()
    //     <<G4endl;

  } else {
    // isotope wise cross section
    G4int nIso = elm->GetNumberOfIsotopes();    
    G4Isotope* iso = 0;

    // user-defined isotope abundances        
    G4IsotopeVector* isoVector = elm->GetIsotopeVector();
    G4double* abundVector = elm->GetRelativeAbundanceVector();

    for (G4int j = 0; j<nIso; ++j) {
      if(abundVector[j] > 0.0) {
    iso = (*isoVector)[j];
    elmCrossSection += abundVector[j]*
      GetIsoCrossSection(part, Z, iso->GetN(), iso, elm, mat, i);
    //G4cout << "Isotope wise " << elmParticle->GetParticleName() 
    //       << " xsec(barn)= " <<  elmCrossSection/barn 
    //       << "  E(MeV)= " << elmKinEnergy/MeV 
    //       << " Z= " << Z << "  A= " << iso->GetN() << "  j= " << j << G4endl;
      }
    }
  }
  //G4cout << "  E(MeV)= " << elmKinEnergy/MeV 
  //     << "xsec(barn)= " <<  elmCrossSection/barn <<G4endl;
  return elmCrossSection;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

G4double
G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetIsoCrossSection(const G4DynamicParticle* part,
                        G4int Z, G4int A, 
                        const G4Isotope* iso,
                        const G4Element* elm,
                        const G4Material* mat, 
                        G4int idx)
{
  // this methods is called after the check that dataSetList[idx] 
  // depend on isotopes, so for this DataSet only isotopes are checked

  // isotope-wise cross section does exist
  if(dataSetList[idx]->IsIsoApplicable(part, Z, A, elm, mat) ) {
    return dataSetList[idx]->GetIsoCrossSection(part, Z, A, iso, elm, mat);

  } else {
    // seach for other dataSet
    for (G4int j = nDataSetList-1; j >= 0; --j) { 
      if (dataSetList[j]->IsElementApplicable(part, Z, mat)) {
    return dataSetList[j]->GetElementCrossSection(part, Z, mat);
      } else if (dataSetList[j]->IsIsoApplicable(part, Z, A, elm, mat)) {
    return dataSetList[j]->GetIsoCrossSection(part, Z, A, iso, elm, mat);
      }
    }
  }
  G4cout << "G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetCrossSection ERROR: "
     << " no isotope cross section found"
     << G4endl;
  G4cout << "  for " << part->GetDefinition()->GetParticleName() 
     << " off Element " << elm->GetName()
         << "  in " << mat->GetName() 
     << " Z= " << Z << " A= " << A
     << " E(MeV)= " << part->GetKineticEnergy()/MeV << G4endl; 
  throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, 
                      " no applicable data set found for the isotope");
  return 0.0;
  //return dataSetList[idx]->ComputeCrossSection(part, elm, mat);
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

G4double
G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetCrossSection(const G4DynamicParticle* part,
                                         G4int Z, G4int A,
                     const G4Isotope* iso,
                                         const G4Element* elm,
                     const G4Material* mat)
{
  for (G4int i = nDataSetList-1; i >= 0; --i) {
    if (dataSetList[i]->IsIsoApplicable(part, Z, A, elm, mat) ) {
      return dataSetList[i]->GetIsoCrossSection(part, Z, A, iso, elm, mat);
    }
  }
  G4cout << "G4CrossSectionDataStore::GetCrossSection ERROR: "
     << " no isotope cross section found"
     << G4endl;
  G4cout << "  for " << part->GetDefinition()->GetParticleName() 
     << " off Element " << elm->GetName()
         << "  in " << mat->GetName() 
     << " Z= " << Z << " A= " << A
     << " E(MeV)= " << part->GetKineticEnergy()/MeV << G4endl; 
  throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, 
                      " no applicable data set found for the isotope");
  return 0.0;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

G4Element*
G4CrossSectionDataStore::SampleZandA(const G4DynamicParticle* part, 
                                     const G4Material* mat,
                     G4Nucleus& target)
{
  counters.SampleZandA();

  G4int nElements = mat->GetNumberOfElements();
  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = mat->GetElementVector();
  G4Element* anElement = (*theElementVector)[0];

  G4double cross = GetCrossSection(part, mat , true);
  // select element from a compound 
  if(1 < nElements) {
    cross *= G4UniformRand();
    for(G4int i=0; i<nElements; ++i) {
      if(cross <= xsecelm[i]) {
    anElement = (*theElementVector)[i];
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  G4int Z = G4lrint(anElement->GetZ());
  G4Isotope* iso = 0;

  G4int i = nDataSetList-1; 
  if (dataSetList[i]->IsElementApplicable(part, Z, mat)) {

    //----------------------------------------------------------------
    // element-wise cross section
    // isotope cross section is not computed
    //----------------------------------------------------------------
    G4int nIso = anElement->GetNumberOfIsotopes();
    if (0 >= nIso) { 
      G4cout << " Element " << anElement->GetName() << " Z= " << Z 
         << " has no isotopes " << G4endl; 
      throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, 
                      " Isotope vector is not defined");
      return anElement;
    }
    // isotope abundances        
    G4IsotopeVector* isoVector = anElement->GetIsotopeVector();
    iso = (*isoVector)[0];

    // more than 1 isotope
    if(1 < nIso) { 
      iso = dataSetList[i]->SelectIsotope(anElement, part->GetKineticEnergy());
    }

  } else {

    //----------------------------------------------------------------
    // isotope-wise cross section
    // isotope cross section is computed
    //----------------------------------------------------------------
    G4int nIso = anElement->GetNumberOfIsotopes();
    cross = 0.0;

    if (0 >= nIso) { 
      G4cout << " Element " << anElement->GetName() << " Z= " << Z 
         << " has no isotopes " << G4endl; 
      throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, 
                      " Isotope vector is not defined");
      return anElement;
    }

    // user-defined isotope abundances        
    G4IsotopeVector* isoVector = anElement->GetIsotopeVector();
    iso = (*isoVector)[0];

    // more than 1 isotope
    if(1 < nIso) {
      G4double* abundVector = anElement->GetRelativeAbundanceVector();
      if(G4int(xseciso.size()) < nIso) { xseciso.resize(nIso); }

      for (G4int j = 0; j<nIso; ++j) {
    G4double xsec = 0.0;
    if(abundVector[j] > 0.0) {
      iso = (*isoVector)[j];
      xsec = abundVector[j]*
        GetIsoCrossSection(part, Z, iso->GetN(), iso, anElement, mat, i);
    }
    cross += xsec;
    xseciso[j] = cross;
      }
      cross *= G4UniformRand();
      for (G4int j = 0; j<nIso; ++j) {
    if(cross <= xseciso[j]) {
      iso = (*isoVector)[j];
      break;
    }
      }
    }
  }
  target.SetIsotope(iso);
  return anElement;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

void
G4CrossSectionDataStore::BuildPhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
  if (nDataSetList == 0) 
    {
      throw G4HadronicException(__FILE__, __LINE__, 
                "G4CrossSectionDataStore: no data sets registered");
      return;
    }
  for (G4int i=0; i<nDataSetList; ++i) {
    dataSetList[i]->BuildPhysicsTable(aParticleType);
  } 
  //A.Dotti: if fast-path has been requested we can now create the surrogate
  //         model for fast path.
  if ( fastPathFlags.useFastPathIfAvailable ) {
      fastPathFlags.initializationPhase = true;
      using my_value_type=G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::G4CrossSectionDataStore_Requests::value_type;
      //Loop on all requests, if particle matches create the corresponding fsat-path
      std::for_each( requests.begin() , requests.end() ,
              [&aParticleType,this](const my_value_type& req) {
                  if ( aParticleType == *req.part_mat.first ) {
                      G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::cycleCountEntry* entry =
                              new G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::cycleCountEntry(aParticleType.GetParticleName(),req.part_mat.second);
                      entry->fastPath =
                              new G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::fastPathEntry(&aParticleType,req.part_mat.second,req.min_cutoff);
                      entry->fastPath->Initialize(this);
                      fastPathCache[req.part_mat] = entry;
                  }
              }
          );
      fastPathFlags.initializationPhase = false;
  }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

void G4CrossSectionDataStore::ActivateFastPath( const G4ParticleDefinition* pdef, const G4Material* mat, G4double min_cutoff)
{
    assert(pdef!=nullptr&&mat!=nullptr);
    G4FastPathHadronicCrossSection::G4CrossSectionDataStore_Key key={pdef,mat};
    if ( requests.insert( { key , min_cutoff } ).second ) {
        std::ostringstream msg;
        msg<<"Attempting to request FastPath for couple: "<<pdef->GetParticleName()<<","<<mat->GetName();
        msg<<" but combination already exists";
        G4HadronicException(__FILE__,__LINE__,msg.str());
    }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

void 
G4CrossSectionDataStore::DumpPhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
  // Print out all cross section data sets used and the energies at
  // which they apply

  if (nDataSetList == 0) {
    G4cout << "WARNING - G4CrossSectionDataStore::DumpPhysicsTable: "
       << " no data sets registered" << G4endl;
    return;
  }

  for (G4int i = nDataSetList-1; i >= 0; --i) {
    G4double e1 = dataSetList[i]->GetMinKinEnergy();
    G4double e2 = dataSetList[i]->GetMaxKinEnergy();
     G4cout 
      << "     Cr_sctns: " << std::setw(25) << dataSetList[i]->GetName() << ": "
      <<  G4BestUnit(e1, "Energy")
      << " ---> "
      <<  G4BestUnit(e2, "Energy") << "\n";
      if (dataSetList[i]->GetName() == "G4CrossSectionPairGG") {
        dataSetList[i]->DumpPhysicsTable(aParticleType);
      }
  }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
#include <typeinfo>
void G4CrossSectionDataStore::DumpHtml(const G4ParticleDefinition& /* pD */,
                                       std::ofstream& outFile) const
{
  // Write cross section data set info to html physics list
  // documentation page

  G4double ehi = 0;
  G4double elo = 0;
  G4String physListName(getenv("G4PhysListName"));
  for (G4int i = nDataSetList-1; i > 0; i--) {
    elo = dataSetList[i]->GetMinKinEnergy()/GeV;
    ehi = dataSetList[i]->GetMaxKinEnergy()/GeV;
    outFile << "      <li><b><a href=\"" << physListName << "_"
             << dataSetList[i]->GetName() << ".html\"> "
            << dataSetList[i]->GetName() << "</a> from "
            << elo << " GeV to " << ehi << " GeV </b></li>\n";
     //G4cerr << i << ": XS for " << pD.GetParticleName() << " : " << dataSetList[i]->GetName() 
     //       << " typeid : " << typeid(dataSetList[i]).name()<< G4endl;            
     PrintCrossSectionHtml(dataSetList[i]);         
  }

  G4double defaultHi = dataSetList[0]->GetMaxKinEnergy()/GeV;
  if (ehi < defaultHi) {
    outFile << "      <li><b><a href=\"" << dataSetList[0]->GetName() << ".html\"> "
            << dataSetList[0]->GetName() << "</a> from "
            << ehi << " GeV to " << defaultHi << " GeV </b></li>\n";
     PrintCrossSectionHtml(dataSetList[0]);         
  }
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....

void G4CrossSectionDataStore::PrintCrossSectionHtml(const G4VCrossSectionDataSet *cs) const
{
   G4String dirName(getenv("G4PhysListDocDir"));
    G4String physListName(getenv("G4PhysListName"));

    G4String pathName = dirName + "/" + physListName + "_" + HtmlFileName(cs->GetName());
    std::ofstream outCS;
    outCS.open(pathName);
    outCS << "<html>\n";
    outCS << "<head>\n";
    outCS << "<title>Description of " << cs->GetName() 
         << "</title>\n";
    outCS << "</head>\n";
    outCS << "<body>\n";

    cs->CrossSectionDescription(outCS);

    outCS << "</body>\n";
    outCS << "</html>\n";

}
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G4String G4CrossSectionDataStore::HtmlFileName(const G4String & in) const
{
   G4String str(in);
    // replace blanks by _  C++11 version:
#ifdef G4USE_STD11
    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), [](char ch) {
     return ch == ' ' ? '_' : ch;
   });
#else   
      // and now in ancient language
       for(std::string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it) {
        if(*it == ' ') *it = '_';
      }
#endif
   str=str + ".html";       
   return str;
}


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