Geant4  10.01.p03
G4BraggIonModel.cc
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26 // $Id: G4BraggIonModel.cc 83008 2014-07-24 14:49:52Z gcosmo $
27 //
28 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
29 //
30 // GEANT4 Class file
31 //
32 //
33 // File name: G4BraggIonModel
34 //
35 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
36 //
37 // Creation date: 13.10.2004
38 //
39 // Modifications:
40 // 11-05-05 Major optimisation of internal interfaces (V.Ivantchenko)
41 // 29-11-05 Do not use G4Alpha class (V.Ivantchenko)
42 // 15-02-06 ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron, ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom (mma)
43 // 25-04-06 Add stopping data from ASTAR (V.Ivanchenko)
44 // 23-10-06 Reduce lowestKinEnergy to 0.25 keV (V.Ivanchenko)
45 // 12-08-08 Added methods GetParticleCharge, GetChargeSquareRatio,
46 // CorrectionsAlongStep needed for ions(V.Ivanchenko)
47 //
48 
49 // Class Description:
50 //
51 // Implementation of energy loss and delta-electron production by
52 // slow charged heavy particles
53 
54 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
55 //
56 
57 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
58 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
59 
60 #include "G4BraggIonModel.hh"
61 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
62 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
63 #include "Randomize.hh"
64 #include "G4Electron.hh"
65 #include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
66 #include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
67 #include "G4EmCorrections.hh"
68 #include "G4DeltaAngle.hh"
69 #include "G4Log.hh"
70 #include "G4Exp.hh"
71 
72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
73 
74 using namespace std;
75 
76 G4ASTARStopping* G4BraggIonModel::fASTAR = 0;
77 
78 G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
79  const G4String& nam)
80  : G4VEmModel(nam),
81  corr(0),
82  particle(0),
83  fParticleChange(0),
84  currentMaterial(0),
85  iMolecula(-1),
86  iASTAR(-1),
87  isIon(false),
88  isInitialised(false)
89 {
90  SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV);
91 
92  HeMass = 3.727417*GeV;
93  rateMassHe2p = HeMass/proton_mass_c2;
94  lowestKinEnergy = 1.0*keV/rateMassHe2p;
95  massFactor = 1000.*amu_c2/HeMass;
96  theZieglerFactor = eV*cm2*1.0e-15;
97  theElectron = G4Electron::Electron();
98  corrFactor = 1.0;
99  if(p) { SetParticle(p); }
100  else { SetParticle(theElectron); }
101 }
102 
103 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
104 
105 G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel()
106 {
107  if(IsMaster()) { delete fASTAR; fASTAR = 0; }
108 }
109 
110 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
111 
112 void G4BraggIonModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
113  const G4DataVector&)
114 {
115  if(p != particle) { SetParticle(p); }
116 
117  corrFactor = chargeSquare;
118 
119  // always false before the run
120  SetDeexcitationFlag(false);
121 
122  if(!isInitialised) {
123  isInitialised = true;
124 
125  if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag() && !GetAngularDistribution()) {
126  SetAngularDistribution(new G4DeltaAngle());
127  }
128  G4String pname = particle->GetParticleName();
129  if(particle->GetParticleType() == "nucleus" &&
130  pname != "deuteron" && pname != "triton" &&
131  pname != "alpha+" && pname != "helium" &&
132  pname != "hydrogen") { isIon = true; }
133 
134  corr = G4LossTableManager::Instance()->EmCorrections();
135 
136  fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForLoss();
137  if(!fASTAR) { fASTAR = new G4ASTARStopping(); }
138  }
139  if(IsMaster() && particle->GetPDGMass() < GeV) { fASTAR->Initialise(); }
140 }
141 
142 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
143 
144 G4double G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
145  const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple)
146 {
147  return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
148 }
149 
150 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
151 
152 G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
153  const G4Material* mat,
154  G4double kineticEnergy)
155 {
156  //G4cout<<"G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio e= "<<kineticEnergy<<G4endl;
157  // this method is called only for ions
158  G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
159  corrFactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
160  return corrFactor;
161 }
162 
163 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
164 
165 G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
166  const G4Material* mat,
167  G4double kineticEnergy)
168 {
169  //G4cout<<"G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge e= "<<kineticEnergy <<
170  // " q= " << corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy) <<G4endl;
171  // this method is called only for ions
172  return corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
173 }
174 
175 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
176 
177 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(
178  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
179  G4double kineticEnergy,
180  G4double cutEnergy,
181  G4double maxKinEnergy)
182 {
183  G4double cross = 0.0;
184  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
185  G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax,maxKinEnergy);
186  if(cutEnergy < tmax) {
187 
188  G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
189  G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
190  G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
191  cross = (maxEnergy - cutEnergy)/(cutEnergy*maxEnergy)
192  - beta2*G4Log(maxEnergy/cutEnergy)/tmax;
193 
194  if( 0.5 == spin ) { cross += 0.5*(maxEnergy - cutEnergy)/energy2; }
195 
196  cross *= twopi_mc2_rcl2*chargeSquare/beta2;
197  }
198  // G4cout << "BR: e= " << kineticEnergy << " tmin= " << cutEnergy
199  // << " tmax= " << tmax << " cross= " << cross << G4endl;
200 
201  return cross;
202 }
203 
204 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
205 
206 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(
207  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
208  G4double kineticEnergy,
209  G4double Z, G4double,
210  G4double cutEnergy,
211  G4double maxEnergy)
212 {
213  G4double cross = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
214  (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
215  return cross;
216 }
217 
218 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
219 
220 G4double G4BraggIonModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(
221  const G4Material* material,
222  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
223  G4double kineticEnergy,
224  G4double cutEnergy,
225  G4double maxEnergy)
226 {
227  G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
228  G4double cross = eDensity*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
229  (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
230  return cross;
231 }
232 
233 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
234 
235 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
236  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
237  G4double kineticEnergy,
238  G4double cutEnergy)
239 {
240  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
241  G4double tmin = min(cutEnergy, tmax);
242  G4double tkin = kineticEnergy/massRate;
243  G4double dedx = 0.0;
244 
245  if(tkin < lowestKinEnergy) {
246  dedx = DEDX(material, lowestKinEnergy)*sqrt(tkin/lowestKinEnergy);
247  } else {
248  dedx = DEDX(material, tkin);
249  }
250 
251  if (cutEnergy < tmax) {
252 
253  G4double tau = kineticEnergy/mass;
254  G4double gam = tau + 1.0;
255  G4double bg2 = tau * (tau+2.0);
256  G4double beta2 = bg2/(gam*gam);
257  G4double x = tmin/tmax;
258 
259  dedx += (G4Log(x) + (1.0 - x)*beta2) * twopi_mc2_rcl2
260  * (material->GetElectronDensity())/beta2;
261  }
262 
263  // now compute the total ionization loss
264 
265  if (dedx < 0.0) dedx = 0.0 ;
266 
267  dedx *= chargeSquare;
268 
269  //G4cout << " tkin(MeV) = " << tkin/MeV << " dedx(MeVxcm^2/g) = "
270  // << dedx*gram/(MeV*cm2*material->GetDensity())
271  // << " q2 = " << chargeSquare << G4endl;
272 
273  return dedx;
274 }
275 
276 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
277 
278 void G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
279  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
280  G4double& eloss,
281  G4double&,
282  G4double /*length*/)
283 {
284  // this method is called only for ions
285  const G4ParticleDefinition* p = dp->GetDefinition();
286  const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
287  G4double preKinEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
288  G4double e = preKinEnergy - eloss*0.5;
289  if(e < 0.0) { e = preKinEnergy*0.5; }
290 
291  G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,e);
292  GetModelOfFluctuations()->SetParticleAndCharge(p, q2);
293  G4double qfactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,e)/corrFactor;
294  eloss *= qfactor;
295 
296  //G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep e= " << e
297  // << " qfactor= " << qfactor << " " << p->GetParticleName() <<G4endl;
298 }
299 
300 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
301 
302 void G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp,
303  const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
304  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
305  G4double xmin,
306  G4double maxEnergy)
307 {
308  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(dp);
309  G4double xmax = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy);
310  if(xmin >= xmax) { return; }
311 
312  G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
313  G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
314  G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
315  G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
316  G4double grej = 1.0;
317  G4double deltaKinEnergy, f;
318 
319  // sampling follows ...
320  do {
321  G4double q = G4UniformRand();
322  deltaKinEnergy = xmin*xmax/(xmin*(1.0 - q) + xmax*q);
323 
324  f = 1.0 - beta2*deltaKinEnergy/tmax;
325 
326  if(f > grej) {
327  G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondary Warning! "
328  << "Majorant " << grej << " < "
329  << f << " for e= " << deltaKinEnergy
330  << G4endl;
331  }
332 
333  } while( grej*G4UniformRand() >= f );
334 
335  G4ThreeVector deltaDirection;
336 
337  if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag()) {
338  const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
339  G4int Z = SelectRandomAtomNumber(mat);
340 
341  deltaDirection =
342  GetAngularDistribution()->SampleDirection(dp, deltaKinEnergy, Z, mat);
343 
344  } else {
345 
346  G4double deltaMomentum =
347  sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
348  G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (energy + electron_mass_c2) /
349  (deltaMomentum * dp->GetTotalMomentum());
350  if(cost > 1.0) { cost = 1.0; }
351  G4double sint = sqrt((1.0 - cost)*(1.0 + cost));
352 
353  G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand() ;
354 
355  deltaDirection.set(sint*cos(phi),sint*sin(phi), cost) ;
356  deltaDirection.rotateUz(dp->GetMomentumDirection());
357  }
358 
359  // create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
360  G4DynamicParticle* delta =
361  new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron,deltaDirection,deltaKinEnergy);
362 
363  vdp->push_back(delta);
364 
365  // Change kinematics of primary particle
366  kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy;
367  G4ThreeVector finalP = dp->GetMomentum() - delta->GetMomentum();
368  finalP = finalP.unit();
369 
370  fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy);
371  fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP);
372 }
373 
374 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
375 
376 G4double G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd,
377  G4double kinEnergy)
378 {
379  if(pd != particle) { SetParticle(pd); }
380  G4double tau = kinEnergy/mass;
381  G4double tmax = 2.0*electron_mass_c2*tau*(tau + 2.) /
382  (1. + 2.0*(tau + 1.)*ratio + ratio*ratio);
383  return tmax;
384 }
385 
386 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
387 
388 G4bool G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial(const G4Material*)
389 {
390  return false;
391  /*
392  G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula();
393  if("" == chFormula) { return false; }
394 
395  // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler model for He.
396 
397  static const size_t numberOfMolecula = 11;
398  static const G4String molName[numberOfMolecula] = {
399  "CaF_2", "Cellulose_Nitrate", "LiF", "Policarbonate",
400  "(C_2H_4)_N-Polyethylene", "(C_2H_4)_N-Polymethly_Methacralate",
401  "Polysterene", "SiO_2", "NaI", "H_2O",
402  "Graphite" };
403 
404  // Search for the material in the table
405  for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; ++i) {
406  if (chFormula == molName[i]) {
407  iASTAR = fASTAR->GetIndex(matName[i]);
408  break;
409  }
410  }
411  return (iASTAR >= 0);
412  */
413 }
414 
415 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
416 
417 G4double G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material,
418  G4double kineticEnergy)
419 {
420  G4double ionloss = 0.0 ;
421 
422  if (iMolecula >= 0) {
423 
424  // The data and the fit from:
425  // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler's model for alpha
426  // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
427 
428  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
429 
430  static const G4double a[11][5] = {
431  {9.43672, 0.54398, 84.341, 1.3705, 57.422},
432  {67.1503, 0.41409, 404.512, 148.97, 20.99},
433  {5.11203, 0.453, 36.718, 50.6, 28.058},
434  {61.793, 0.48445, 361.537, 57.889, 50.674},
435  {7.83464, 0.49804, 160.452, 3.192, 0.71922},
436  {19.729, 0.52153, 162.341, 58.35, 25.668},
437  {26.4648, 0.50112, 188.913, 30.079, 16.509},
438  {7.8655, 0.5205, 63.96, 51.32, 67.775},
439  {8.8965, 0.5148, 339.36, 1.7205, 0.70423},
440  {2.959, 0.53255, 34.247, 60.655, 15.153},
441  {3.80133, 0.41590, 12.9966, 117.83, 242.28} };
442 
443  static const G4double atomicWeight[11] = {
444  101.96128, 44.0098, 16.0426, 28.0536, 42.0804,
445  104.1512, 44.665, 60.0843, 18.0152, 18.0152, 12.0};
446 
447  G4int i = iMolecula;
448 
449  // Free electron gas model
450  if ( T < 0.001 ) {
451  G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
452  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
453  * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
454  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
455  ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
456 
457  // Main parametrisation
458  } else {
459  G4double slow = a[i][0] * G4Exp(G4Log(T*1000.0)*a[i][1]) ;
460  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
461  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
462  /*
463  G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
464  << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
465  << " shigh= " << shigh
466  << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
467  << G4endl;
468  */
469  }
470  if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ;
471 
472  // He effective charge
473  G4double aa = atomicWeight[iMolecula];
474  ionloss /= (HeEffChargeSquare(0.5*aa, T)*aa);
475 
476  // pure material (normally not the case for this function)
477  } else if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) {
478  G4double z = material->GetZ() ;
479  ionloss = ElectronicStoppingPower( z, kineticEnergy ) ;
480  }
481 
482  return ionloss;
483 }
484 
485 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
486 
487 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z,
488  G4double kineticEnergy) const
489 {
490  G4double ionloss ;
491  G4int i = G4int(z)-1 ; // index of atom
492  if(i < 0) i = 0 ;
493  if(i > 91) i = 91 ;
494 
495  // The data and the fit from:
496  // ICRU Report 49, 1993. Ziegler's type of parametrisations.
497  // Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu)
498 
499  // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
500  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
501 
502  static const G4double a[92][5] = {
503  {0.35485, 0.6456, 6.01525, 20.8933, 4.3515
504  },{ 0.58, 0.59, 6.3, 130.0, 44.07
505  },{ 1.42, 0.49, 12.25, 32.0, 9.161
506  },{ 2.206, 0.51, 15.32, 0.25, 8.995 //Be Ziegler77
507  // },{ 2.1895, 0.47183,7.2362, 134.30, 197.96 //Be from ICRU
508  },{ 3.691, 0.4128, 18.48, 50.72, 9.0
509  },{ 3.83523, 0.42993,12.6125, 227.41, 188.97
510  },{ 1.9259, 0.5550, 27.15125, 26.0665, 6.2768
511  },{ 2.81015, 0.4759, 50.0253, 10.556, 1.0382
512  },{ 1.533, 0.531, 40.44, 18.41, 2.718
513  },{ 2.303, 0.4861, 37.01, 37.96, 5.092
514  // Z= 11-20
515  },{ 9.894, 0.3081, 23.65, 0.384, 92.93
516  },{ 4.3, 0.47, 34.3, 3.3, 12.74
517  },{ 2.5, 0.625, 45.7, 0.1, 4.359
518  },{ 2.1, 0.65, 49.34, 1.788, 4.133
519  },{ 1.729, 0.6562, 53.41, 2.405, 3.845
520  },{ 1.402, 0.6791, 58.98, 3.528, 3.211
521  },{ 1.117, 0.7044, 69.69, 3.705, 2.156
522  },{ 2.291, 0.6284, 73.88, 4.478, 2.066
523  },{ 8.554, 0.3817, 83.61, 11.84, 1.875
524  },{ 6.297, 0.4622, 65.39, 10.14, 5.036
525  // Z= 21-30
526  },{ 5.307, 0.4918, 61.74, 12.4, 6.665
527  },{ 4.71, 0.5087, 65.28, 8.806, 5.948
528  },{ 6.151, 0.4524, 83.0, 18.31, 2.71
529  },{ 6.57, 0.4322, 84.76, 15.53, 2.779
530  },{ 5.738, 0.4492, 84.6, 14.18, 3.101
531  },{ 5.013, 0.4707, 85.8, 16.55, 3.211
532  },{ 4.32, 0.4947, 76.14, 10.85, 5.441
533  },{ 4.652, 0.4571, 80.73, 22.0, 4.952
534  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 6.385
535  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 7.502
536  // Z= 31-40
537  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 8.514
538  },{ 5.746, 0.4662, 79.24, 1.185, 7.993
539  },{ 2.792, 0.6346, 106.1, 0.2986, 2.331
540  },{ 4.667, 0.5095, 124.3, 2.102, 1.667
541  },{ 2.44, 0.6346, 105.0, 0.83, 2.851
542  },{ 1.413, 0.7377, 147.9, 1.466, 1.016
543  },{ 11.72, 0.3826, 102.8, 9.231, 4.371
544  },{ 7.126, 0.4804, 119.3, 5.784, 2.454
545  },{ 11.61, 0.3955, 146.7, 7.031, 1.423
546  },{ 10.99, 0.41, 163.9, 7.1, 1.052
547  // Z= 41-50
548  },{ 9.241, 0.4275, 163.1, 7.954, 1.102
549  },{ 9.276, 0.418, 157.1, 8.038, 1.29
550  },{ 3.999, 0.6152, 97.6, 1.297, 5.792
551  },{ 4.306, 0.5658, 97.99, 5.514, 5.754
552  },{ 3.615, 0.6197, 86.26, 0.333, 8.689
553  },{ 5.8, 0.49, 147.2, 6.903, 1.289
554  },{ 5.6, 0.49, 130.0, 10.0, 2.844
555  },{ 3.55, 0.6068, 124.7, 1.112, 3.119
556  },{ 3.6, 0.62, 105.8, 0.1692, 6.026
557  },{ 5.4, 0.53, 103.1, 3.931, 7.767
558  // Z= 51-60
559  },{ 3.97, 0.6459, 131.8, 0.2233, 2.723
560  },{ 3.65, 0.64, 126.8, 0.6834, 3.411
561  },{ 3.118, 0.6519, 164.9, 1.208, 1.51
562  },{ 3.949, 0.6209, 200.5, 1.878, 0.9126
563  },{ 14.4, 0.3923, 152.5, 8.354, 2.597
564  },{ 10.99, 0.4599, 138.4, 4.811, 3.726
565  },{ 16.6, 0.3773, 224.1, 6.28, 0.9121
566  },{ 10.54, 0.4533, 159.3, 4.832, 2.529
567  },{ 10.33, 0.4502, 162.0, 5.132, 2.444
568  },{ 10.15, 0.4471, 165.6, 5.378, 2.328
569  // Z= 61-70
570  },{ 9.976, 0.4439, 168.0, 5.721, 2.258
571  },{ 9.804, 0.4408, 176.2, 5.675, 1.997
572  },{ 14.22, 0.363, 228.4, 7.024, 1.016
573  },{ 9.952, 0.4318, 233.5, 5.065, 0.9244
574  },{ 9.272, 0.4345, 210.0, 4.911, 1.258
575  },{ 10.13, 0.4146, 225.7, 5.525, 1.055
576  },{ 8.949, 0.4304, 213.3, 5.071, 1.221
577  },{ 11.94, 0.3783, 247.2, 6.655, 0.849
578  },{ 8.472, 0.4405, 195.5, 4.051, 1.604
579  },{ 8.301, 0.4399, 203.7, 3.667, 1.459
580  // Z= 71-80
581  },{ 6.567, 0.4858, 193.0, 2.65, 1.66
582  },{ 5.951, 0.5016, 196.1, 2.662, 1.589
583  },{ 7.495, 0.4523, 251.4, 3.433, 0.8619
584  },{ 6.335, 0.4825, 255.1, 2.834, 0.8228
585  },{ 4.314, 0.5558, 214.8, 2.354, 1.263
586  },{ 4.02, 0.5681, 219.9, 2.402, 1.191
587  },{ 3.836, 0.5765, 210.2, 2.742, 1.305
588  },{ 4.68, 0.5247, 244.7, 2.749, 0.8962
589  },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416 //Au Z77
590  // },{ 3.223, 0.5883, 232.7, 2.954, 1.05 //Au ICRU
591  },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416
592  // Z= 81-90
593  },{ 4.728, 0.5522, 217.0, 3.091, 1.386
594  },{ 6.18, 0.52, 170.0, 4.0, 3.224
595  },{ 9.0, 0.47, 198.0, 3.8, 2.032
596  },{ 2.324, 0.6997, 216.0, 1.599, 1.399
597  },{ 1.961, 0.7286, 223.0, 1.621, 1.296
598  },{ 1.75, 0.7427, 350.1, 0.9789, 0.5507
599  },{ 10.31, 0.4613, 261.2, 4.738, 0.9899
600  },{ 7.962, 0.519, 235.7, 4.347, 1.313
601  },{ 6.227, 0.5645, 231.9, 3.961, 1.379
602  },{ 5.246, 0.5947, 228.6, 4.027, 1.432
603  // Z= 91-92
604  },{ 5.408, 0.5811, 235.7, 3.961, 1.358
605  },{ 5.218, 0.5828, 245.0, 3.838, 1.25}
606  };
607 
608  // Free electron gas model
609  if ( T < 0.001 ) {
610  G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
611  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
612  * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
613  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
614  ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
615 
616  // Main parametrisation
617  } else {
618  G4double slow = a[i][0] * G4Exp(G4Log(T*1000.0)*a[i][1]) ;
619  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
620  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
621  /*
622  G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
623  << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
624  << " shigh= " << shigh
625  << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
626  << G4endl;
627  */
628  }
629  if ( ionloss < 0.0) { ionloss = 0.0; }
630 
631  // He effective charge
632  ionloss /= HeEffChargeSquare(z, T);
633 
634  return ionloss;
635 }
636 
637 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
638 
639 G4double G4BraggIonModel::DEDX(const G4Material* material,
640  G4double kineticEnergy)
641 {
642  G4double eloss = 0.0;
643  // check DB
644  if(material != currentMaterial) {
645  currentMaterial = material;
646  iASTAR = -1;
647  iMolecula = -1;
648  if( !HasMaterial(material) ) { iASTAR = fASTAR->GetIndex(material); }
649  }
650 
651  const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements();
652  const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
653  material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();
654 
655  if( iASTAR >= 0 ) {
656  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p;
657  return fASTAR->GetElectronicDEDX(iASTAR, T)*material->GetDensity()/
658  HeEffChargeSquare(fASTAR->GetEffectiveZ(iASTAR), T/MeV);
659 
660  } else if(iMolecula >= 0) {
661 
662  eloss = StoppingPower(material, kineticEnergy)*
663  material->GetDensity()/amu;
664 
665  // pure material
666  } else if(1 == numberOfElements) {
667 
668  G4double z = material->GetZ();
669  eloss = ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy)
670  * (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume());
671 
672  // Brugg's rule calculation
673  } else {
674  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector =
675  material->GetElementVector() ;
676 
677  // loop for the elements in the material
678  for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++)
679  {
680  const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ;
681  eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(element->GetZ(), kineticEnergy)
682  * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i];
683  }
684  }
685  return eloss*theZieglerFactor;
686 }
687 
688 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
689 
690 G4double G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z,
691  G4double kinEnergyHeInMeV) const
692 {
693  // The aproximation of He effective charge from:
694  // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
695  // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
696  // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
697 
698  static const G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
699  0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475};
700 
701  G4double e = std::max(0.0, G4Log(kinEnergyHeInMeV*massFactor));
702  G4double x = c[0] ;
703  G4double y = 1.0 ;
704  for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
705  y *= e ;
706  x += y * c[i] ;
707  }
708 
709  G4double w = 7.6 - e ;
710  w = 1.0 + (0.007 + 0.00005*z) * G4Exp( -w*w ) ;
711  w = 4.0 * (1.0 - G4Exp(-x)) * w * w ;
712 
713  return w;
714 }
715 
716 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
717 
G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh
G4Exp.hh
G4VEmModel::MaxSecondaryKinEnergy
G4double MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(const G4DynamicParticle *dynParticle)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:464
G4Material::GetIonisation
G4IonisParamMat * GetIonisation() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:226
MeV
static const double MeV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:193
G4Material::GetZ
G4double GetZ() const
Definition: G4Material.cc:632
G4LossTableManager::Instance
static G4LossTableManager * Instance()
Definition: G4LossTableManager.cc:114
G4VEmModel::GetParticleChangeForLoss
G4ParticleChangeForLoss * GetParticleChangeForLoss()
Definition: G4VEmModel.cc:120
cm2
static const double cm2
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:107
G4BraggIonModel::fASTAR
static G4ASTARStopping * fASTAR
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:160
G4ElementVector
std::vector< G4Element * > G4ElementVector
Definition: G4ElementVector.hh:44
G4BraggIonModel::lowestKinEnergy
G4double lowestKinEnergy
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:169
G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel
G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition *p=0, const G4String &nam="BraggIon")
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:78
G4ASTARStopping::GetElectronicDEDX
G4double GetElectronicDEDX(G4int idx, G4double energy) const
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.hh:129
G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower
G4double StoppingPower(const G4Material *material, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:417
G4DynamicParticle::GetKineticEnergy
G4double GetKineticEnergy() const
G4ThreeVector
CLHEP::Hep3Vector G4ThreeVector
Definition: G4ThreeVector.hh:42
G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial
G4bool HasMaterial(const G4Material *material)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:388
z
G4double z
Definition: TRTMaterials.hh:39
G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep
virtual void CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple *, const G4DynamicParticle *, G4double &eloss, G4double &niel, G4double length)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:278
G4EmCorrections::EffectiveChargeSquareRatio
G4double EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.hh:340
G4Element::GetZ
G4double GetZ() const
Definition: G4Element.hh:131
G4VEmModel::GetAngularDistribution
G4VEmAngularDistribution * GetAngularDistribution()
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:599
G4Material::GetDensity
G4double GetDensity() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:180
G4VEmModel::IsMaster
G4bool IsMaster() const
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:700
G4EmCorrections::GetParticleCharge
G4double GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.hh:332
G4LossTableManager.hh
G4EmCorrections::EffectiveChargeCorrection
G4double EffectiveChargeCorrection(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.cc:745
G4DynamicParticle::GetDefinition
G4ParticleDefinition * GetDefinition() const
a
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Definition: TRTMaterials.hh:39
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G4double GetEffectiveZ(G4int idx) const
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.cc:82
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Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:592
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const G4ElementVector * GetElementVector() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:190
G4int
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Definition: G4Types.hh:78
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virtual G4double CrossSectionPerVolume(const G4Material *, const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:220
G4BraggIonModel::theZieglerFactor
G4double theZieglerFactor
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:174
G4ParticleDefinition::GetParticleName
const G4String & GetParticleName() const
Definition: G4ParticleDefinition.hh:159
G4BraggIonModel::particle
const G4ParticleDefinition * particle
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:156
G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut
virtual G4double MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4MaterialCutsCouple *couple)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:144
G4VEmModel::SetHighEnergyLimit
void SetHighEnergyLimit(G4double)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:707
G4DynamicParticle::GetTotalMomentum
G4double GetTotalMomentum() const
G4BraggIonModel::fParticleChange
G4ParticleChangeForLoss * fParticleChange
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:158
G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge
virtual G4double GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *p, const G4Material *mat, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:165
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Definition: Randomize.hh:93
G4cout
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virtual G4ThreeVector & SampleDirection(const G4DynamicParticle *dp, G4double finalTotalEnergy, G4int Z, const G4Material *)=0
G4Material::GetElectronDensity
G4double GetElectronDensity() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:217
G4VEmModel::UseAngularGeneratorFlag
G4bool UseAngularGeneratorFlag() const
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:679
G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare
G4double HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z, G4double kinEnergyInMeV) const
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:690
G4bool
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Definition: G4Types.hh:79
G4LossTableManager::EmCorrections
G4EmCorrections * EmCorrections()
Definition: G4LossTableManager.cc:1165
G4DynamicParticle::GetMomentumDirection
const G4ThreeVector & GetMomentumDirection() const
G4BraggIonModel::DEDX
G4double DEDX(const G4Material *material, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:639
G4ParticleChangeForLoss::SetProposedKineticEnergy
void SetProposedKineticEnergy(G4double proposedKinEnergy)
Definition: G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh:150
GeV
static const double GeV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:196
G4ParticleDefinition::GetParticleType
const G4String & GetParticleType() const
Definition: G4ParticleDefinition.hh:180
Randomize.hh
G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries
virtual void SampleSecondaries(std::vector< G4DynamicParticle * > *, const G4MaterialCutsCouple *, const G4DynamicParticle *, G4double tmin, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:302
G4Log.hh
G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower
G4double ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z, G4double kineticEnergy) const
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:487
G4ParticleChangeForLoss::SetProposedMomentumDirection
void SetProposedMomentumDirection(const G4ThreeVector &dir)
Definition: G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh:194
G4Material::GetAtomicNumDensityVector
const G4double * GetAtomicNumDensityVector() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:216
G4PhysicalConstants.hh
G4Log
G4double G4Log(G4double x)
Definition: G4Log.hh:230
G4Exp
G4double G4Exp(G4double initial_x)
Exponential Function double precision.
Definition: G4Exp.hh:183
G4Material::GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume
G4double GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:209
G4BraggIonModel::Initialise
virtual void Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4DataVector &)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:112
eV
static const double eV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:194
G4Electron.hh
G4ParticleDefinition::GetPDGMass
G4double GetPDGMass() const
Definition: G4ParticleDefinition.hh:161
G4INCL::Math::max
T max(const T t1, const T t2)
brief Return the largest of the two arguments
Definition: G4INCLGlobals.hh:112
G4DeltaAngle.hh
G4INCL::KinematicsUtils::energy
G4double energy(const ThreeVector &p, const G4double m)
Definition: G4INCLKinematicsUtils.cc:157
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void SetAngularDistribution(G4VEmAngularDistribution *)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:606
G4BraggIonModel::SetParticle
void SetParticle(const G4ParticleDefinition *p)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:184
G4INCL::Math::min
T min(const T t1, const T t2)
brief Return the smallest of the two arguments
Definition: G4INCLGlobals.hh:117
G4BraggIonModel.hh
G4BraggIonModel::theElectron
G4ParticleDefinition * theElectron
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:157
G4IonisParamMat::GetMeanExcitationEnergy
G4double GetMeanExcitationEnergy() const
Definition: G4IonisParamMat.hh:68
G4Electron::Electron
static G4Electron * Electron()
Definition: G4Electron.cc:94
G4endl
#define G4endl
Definition: G4ios.hh:61
G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio
virtual G4double GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:152
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom
virtual G4double ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double Z, G4double A, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:206
G4ASTARStopping::GetIndex
G4int GetIndex(const G4Material *) const
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.hh:100
G4Material::GetNumberOfElements
size_t GetNumberOfElements() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:186
keV
static const double keV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:195
G4double
double G4double
Definition: G4Types.hh:76
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
virtual G4double ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:177
G4SystemOfUnits.hh
G4VEmModel::SetDeexcitationFlag
void SetDeexcitationFlag(G4bool val)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:763
G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel
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Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:105
G4BraggIonModel::currentMaterial
const G4Material * currentMaterial
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:162
G4VEmFluctuationModel::SetParticleAndCharge
virtual void SetParticleAndCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double q2)
Definition: G4VEmFluctuationModel.cc:73
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume
virtual G4double ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material *, const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:235
G4BraggIonModel::corr
G4EmCorrections * corr
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:154
G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy
virtual G4double MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kinEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:376
G4DynamicParticle::GetMomentum
G4ThreeVector GetMomentum() const
G4MaterialCutsCouple::GetMaterial
const G4Material * GetMaterial() const
Definition: G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh:150
G4VEmModel::SelectRandomAtomNumber
G4int SelectRandomAtomNumber(const G4Material *)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:546