Geant4  10.00.p01
G4BraggIonModel.cc
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26 // $Id: G4BraggIonModel.cc 79188 2014-02-20 09:22:48Z gcosmo $
27 //
28 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
29 //
30 // GEANT4 Class file
31 //
32 //
33 // File name: G4BraggIonModel
34 //
35 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
36 //
37 // Creation date: 13.10.2004
38 //
39 // Modifications:
40 // 11-05-05 Major optimisation of internal interfaces (V.Ivantchenko)
41 // 29-11-05 Do not use G4Alpha class (V.Ivantchenko)
42 // 15-02-06 ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron, ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom (mma)
43 // 25-04-06 Add stopping data from ASTAR (V.Ivanchenko)
44 // 23-10-06 Reduce lowestKinEnergy to 0.25 keV (V.Ivanchenko)
45 // 12-08-08 Added methods GetParticleCharge, GetChargeSquareRatio,
46 // CorrectionsAlongStep needed for ions(V.Ivanchenko)
47 //
48 
49 // Class Description:
50 //
51 // Implementation of energy loss and delta-electron production by
52 // slow charged heavy particles
53 
54 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
55 //
56 
57 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
58 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
59 
60 #include "G4BraggIonModel.hh"
61 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
62 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
63 #include "Randomize.hh"
64 #include "G4Electron.hh"
65 #include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
66 #include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
67 #include "G4EmCorrections.hh"
68 #include "G4DeltaAngle.hh"
69 #include "G4Log.hh"
70 #include "G4Exp.hh"
71 
72 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
73 
74 using namespace std;
75 
76 G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
77  const G4String& nam)
78  : G4VEmModel(nam),
79  corr(0),
80  particle(0),
81  fParticleChange(0),
82  currentMaterial(0),
83  iMolecula(-1),
84  iASTAR(-1),
85  isIon(false),
86  isInitialised(false)
87 {
88  SetHighEnergyLimit(2.0*MeV);
89 
90  HeMass = 3.727417*GeV;
91  rateMassHe2p = HeMass/proton_mass_c2;
92  lowestKinEnergy = 1.0*keV/rateMassHe2p;
93  massFactor = 1000.*amu_c2/HeMass;
94  theZieglerFactor = eV*cm2*1.0e-15;
95  theElectron = G4Electron::Electron();
96  corrFactor = 1.0;
97  if(p) { SetParticle(p); }
98  else { SetParticle(theElectron); }
99 }
100 
101 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
102 
103 G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel()
104 {}
105 
106 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
107 
108 void G4BraggIonModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
109  const G4DataVector&)
110 {
111  if(p != particle) { SetParticle(p); }
112 
113  corrFactor = chargeSquare;
114 
115  // always false before the run
116  SetDeexcitationFlag(false);
117 
118  if(!isInitialised) {
119  isInitialised = true;
120 
121  if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag() && !GetAngularDistribution()) {
122  SetAngularDistribution(new G4DeltaAngle());
123  }
124  G4String pname = particle->GetParticleName();
125  if(particle->GetParticleType() == "nucleus" &&
126  pname != "deuteron" && pname != "triton" &&
127  pname != "alpha+" && pname != "helium" &&
128  pname != "hydrogen") { isIon = true; }
129 
130  corr = G4LossTableManager::Instance()->EmCorrections();
131 
132  fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForLoss();
133  }
134 }
135 
136 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
137 
138 G4double G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*,
139  const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple)
140 {
141  return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
142 }
143 
144 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
145 
146 G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
147  const G4Material* mat,
148  G4double kineticEnergy)
149 {
150  //G4cout<<"G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio e= "<<kineticEnergy<<G4endl;
151  // this method is called only for ions
152  G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
153  corrFactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
154  return corrFactor;
155 }
156 
157 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
158 
159 G4double G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
160  const G4Material* mat,
161  G4double kineticEnergy)
162 {
163  //G4cout<<"G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge e= "<<kineticEnergy <<
164  // " q= " << corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy) <<G4endl;
165  // this method is called only for ions
166  return corr->GetParticleCharge(p,mat,kineticEnergy);
167 }
168 
169 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
170 
171 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(
172  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
173  G4double kineticEnergy,
174  G4double cutEnergy,
175  G4double maxKinEnergy)
176 {
177  G4double cross = 0.0;
178  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
179  G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax,maxKinEnergy);
180  if(cutEnergy < tmax) {
181 
182  G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
183  G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
184  G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
185  cross = 1.0/cutEnergy - 1.0/maxEnergy - beta2*G4Log(maxEnergy/cutEnergy)/tmax;
186 
187  cross *= twopi_mc2_rcl2*chargeSquare/beta2;
188  }
189  // G4cout << "BR: e= " << kineticEnergy << " tmin= " << cutEnergy
190  // << " tmax= " << tmax << " cross= " << cross << G4endl;
191 
192  return cross;
193 }
194 
195 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
196 
197 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(
198  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
199  G4double kineticEnergy,
200  G4double Z, G4double,
201  G4double cutEnergy,
202  G4double maxEnergy)
203 {
204  G4double cross = Z*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
205  (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
206  return cross;
207 }
208 
209 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
210 
211 G4double G4BraggIonModel::CrossSectionPerVolume(
212  const G4Material* material,
213  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
214  G4double kineticEnergy,
215  G4double cutEnergy,
216  G4double maxEnergy)
217 {
218  G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
219  G4double cross = eDensity*ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
220  (p,kineticEnergy,cutEnergy,maxEnergy);
221  return cross;
222 }
223 
224 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
225 
226 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
227  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
228  G4double kineticEnergy,
229  G4double cutEnergy)
230 {
231  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
232  G4double tmin = min(cutEnergy, tmax);
233  G4double tkin = kineticEnergy/massRate;
234  G4double dedx = 0.0;
235 
236  if(tkin < lowestKinEnergy) {
237  dedx = DEDX(material, lowestKinEnergy)*sqrt(tkin/lowestKinEnergy);
238  } else {
239  dedx = DEDX(material, tkin);
240  }
241 
242  if (cutEnergy < tmax) {
243 
244  G4double tau = kineticEnergy/mass;
245  G4double gam = tau + 1.0;
246  G4double bg2 = tau * (tau+2.0);
247  G4double beta2 = bg2/(gam*gam);
248  G4double x = tmin/tmax;
249 
250  dedx += (G4Log(x) + (1.0 - x)*beta2) * twopi_mc2_rcl2
251  * (material->GetElectronDensity())/beta2;
252  }
253 
254  // now compute the total ionization loss
255 
256  if (dedx < 0.0) dedx = 0.0 ;
257 
258  dedx *= chargeSquare;
259 
260  //G4cout << " tkin(MeV) = " << tkin/MeV << " dedx(MeVxcm^2/g) = "
261  // << dedx*gram/(MeV*cm2*material->GetDensity())
262  // << " q2 = " << chargeSquare << G4endl;
263 
264  return dedx;
265 }
266 
267 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
268 
269 void G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
270  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
271  G4double& eloss,
272  G4double&,
273  G4double /*length*/)
274 {
275  // this method is called only for ions
276  const G4ParticleDefinition* p = dp->GetDefinition();
277  const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
278  G4double preKinEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
279  G4double e = preKinEnergy - eloss*0.5;
280  if(e < 0.0) { e = preKinEnergy*0.5; }
281 
282  G4double q2 = corr->EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(p,mat,e);
283  GetModelOfFluctuations()->SetParticleAndCharge(p, q2);
284  G4double qfactor = q2*corr->EffectiveChargeCorrection(p,mat,e)/corrFactor;
285  eloss *= qfactor;
286 
287  //G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep e= " << e
288  // << " qfactor= " << qfactor << " " << p->GetParticleName() <<G4endl;
289 }
290 
291 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
292 
293 void G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries(std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp,
294  const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
295  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
296  G4double xmin,
297  G4double maxEnergy)
298 {
299  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(dp);
300  G4double xmax = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy);
301  if(xmin >= xmax) { return; }
302 
303  G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
304  G4double energy = kineticEnergy + mass;
305  G4double energy2 = energy*energy;
306  G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy*(kineticEnergy + 2.0*mass)/energy2;
307  G4double grej = 1.0;
308  G4double deltaKinEnergy, f;
309 
310  // sampling follows ...
311  do {
312  G4double q = G4UniformRand();
313  deltaKinEnergy = xmin*xmax/(xmin*(1.0 - q) + xmax*q);
314 
315  f = 1.0 - beta2*deltaKinEnergy/tmax;
316 
317  if(f > grej) {
318  G4cout << "G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondary Warning! "
319  << "Majorant " << grej << " < "
320  << f << " for e= " << deltaKinEnergy
321  << G4endl;
322  }
323 
324  } while( grej*G4UniformRand() >= f );
325 
326  G4ThreeVector deltaDirection;
327 
328  if(UseAngularGeneratorFlag()) {
329  const G4Material* mat = couple->GetMaterial();
330  G4int Z = SelectRandomAtomNumber(mat);
331 
332  deltaDirection =
333  GetAngularDistribution()->SampleDirection(dp, deltaKinEnergy, Z, mat);
334 
335  } else {
336 
337  G4double deltaMomentum =
338  sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0*electron_mass_c2));
339  G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (energy + electron_mass_c2) /
340  (deltaMomentum * dp->GetTotalMomentum());
341  if(cost > 1.0) { cost = 1.0; }
342  G4double sint = sqrt((1.0 - cost)*(1.0 + cost));
343 
344  G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand() ;
345 
346  deltaDirection.set(sint*cos(phi),sint*sin(phi), cost) ;
347  deltaDirection.rotateUz(dp->GetMomentumDirection());
348  }
349 
350  // create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
351  G4DynamicParticle* delta =
352  new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron,deltaDirection,deltaKinEnergy);
353 
354  vdp->push_back(delta);
355 
356  // Change kinematics of primary particle
357  kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy;
358  G4ThreeVector finalP = dp->GetMomentum() - delta->GetMomentum();
359  finalP = finalP.unit();
360 
361  fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy);
362  fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP);
363 }
364 
365 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
366 
367 G4double G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition* pd,
368  G4double kinEnergy)
369 {
370  if(pd != particle) { SetParticle(pd); }
371  G4double tau = kinEnergy/mass;
372  G4double tmax = 2.0*electron_mass_c2*tau*(tau + 2.) /
373  (1. + 2.0*(tau + 1.)*ratio + ratio*ratio);
374  return tmax;
375 }
376 
377 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
378 
379 G4bool G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial(const G4Material* material)
380 {
381  G4String chFormula = material->GetChemicalFormula();
382  if("" == chFormula) { return false; }
383 
384  // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler model for He.
385  static const size_t numberOfMolecula = 11;
386  static const G4String molName[numberOfMolecula] = {
387  "CaF_2", "Cellulose_Nitrate", "LiF", "Policarbonate",
388  "(C_2H_4)_N-Polyethylene", "(C_2H_4)_N-Polymethly_Methacralate",
389  "Polysterene", "SiO_2", "NaI", "H_2O",
390  "Graphite" };
391  static const G4int idxASTAR[numberOfMolecula] = {
392  17, 19, 33, 51,
393  52, 54,
394  56, 62, 43, 71,
395  13};
396 
397  // Search for the material in the table
398  for (size_t i=0; i<numberOfMolecula; ++i) {
399  if (chFormula == molName[i]) {
400  iMolecula = -1;
401  iASTAR = idxASTAR[i];
402  return true;
403  }
404  }
405  return false ;
406 }
407 
408 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
409 
410 G4double G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower(const G4Material* material,
411  G4double kineticEnergy)
412 {
413  G4double ionloss = 0.0 ;
414 
415  if (iMolecula >= 0) {
416 
417  // The data and the fit from:
418  // ICRU Report N49, 1993. Ziegler's model for alpha
419  // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
420 
421  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
422 
423  static const G4double a[11][5] = {
424  {9.43672, 0.54398, 84.341, 1.3705, 57.422},
425  {67.1503, 0.41409, 404.512, 148.97, 20.99},
426  {5.11203, 0.453, 36.718, 50.6, 28.058},
427  {61.793, 0.48445, 361.537, 57.889, 50.674},
428  {7.83464, 0.49804, 160.452, 3.192, 0.71922},
429  {19.729, 0.52153, 162.341, 58.35, 25.668},
430  {26.4648, 0.50112, 188.913, 30.079, 16.509},
431  {7.8655, 0.5205, 63.96, 51.32, 67.775},
432  {8.8965, 0.5148, 339.36, 1.7205, 0.70423},
433  {2.959, 0.53255, 34.247, 60.655, 15.153},
434  {3.80133, 0.41590, 12.9966, 117.83, 242.28} };
435 
436  static const G4double atomicWeight[11] = {
437  101.96128, 44.0098, 16.0426, 28.0536, 42.0804,
438  104.1512, 44.665, 60.0843, 18.0152, 18.0152, 12.0};
439 
440  G4int i = iMolecula;
441 
442  // Free electron gas model
443  if ( T < 0.001 ) {
444  G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
445  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
446  * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
447  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
448  ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
449 
450  // Main parametrisation
451  } else {
452  G4double slow = a[i][0] * G4Exp(G4Log(T*1000.0)*a[i][1]) ;
453  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
454  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
455  /*
456  G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
457  << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
458  << " shigh= " << shigh
459  << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
460  << G4endl;
461  */
462  }
463  if ( ionloss < 0.0) ionloss = 0.0 ;
464 
465  // He effective charge
466  G4double aa = atomicWeight[iMolecula];
467  ionloss /= (HeEffChargeSquare(0.5*aa, T)*aa);
468 
469  // pure material (normally not the case for this function)
470  } else if(1 == (material->GetNumberOfElements())) {
471  G4double z = material->GetZ() ;
472  ionloss = ElectronicStoppingPower( z, kineticEnergy ) ;
473  }
474 
475  return ionloss;
476 }
477 
478 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
479 
480 G4double G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z,
481  G4double kineticEnergy) const
482 {
483  G4double ionloss ;
484  G4int i = G4int(z)-1 ; // index of atom
485  if(i < 0) i = 0 ;
486  if(i > 91) i = 91 ;
487 
488  // The data and the fit from:
489  // ICRU Report 49, 1993. Ziegler's type of parametrisations.
490  // Proton kinetic energy for parametrisation (keV/amu)
491 
492  // He energy in internal units of parametrisation formula (MeV)
493  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p/MeV ;
494 
495  static const G4double a[92][5] = {
496  {0.35485, 0.6456, 6.01525, 20.8933, 4.3515
497  },{ 0.58, 0.59, 6.3, 130.0, 44.07
498  },{ 1.42, 0.49, 12.25, 32.0, 9.161
499  },{ 2.206, 0.51, 15.32, 0.25, 8.995 //Be Ziegler77
500  // },{ 2.1895, 0.47183,7.2362, 134.30, 197.96 //Be from ICRU
501  },{ 3.691, 0.4128, 18.48, 50.72, 9.0
502  },{ 3.83523, 0.42993,12.6125, 227.41, 188.97
503  },{ 1.9259, 0.5550, 27.15125, 26.0665, 6.2768
504  },{ 2.81015, 0.4759, 50.0253, 10.556, 1.0382
505  },{ 1.533, 0.531, 40.44, 18.41, 2.718
506  },{ 2.303, 0.4861, 37.01, 37.96, 5.092
507  // Z= 11-20
508  },{ 9.894, 0.3081, 23.65, 0.384, 92.93
509  },{ 4.3, 0.47, 34.3, 3.3, 12.74
510  },{ 2.5, 0.625, 45.7, 0.1, 4.359
511  },{ 2.1, 0.65, 49.34, 1.788, 4.133
512  },{ 1.729, 0.6562, 53.41, 2.405, 3.845
513  },{ 1.402, 0.6791, 58.98, 3.528, 3.211
514  },{ 1.117, 0.7044, 69.69, 3.705, 2.156
515  },{ 2.291, 0.6284, 73.88, 4.478, 2.066
516  },{ 8.554, 0.3817, 83.61, 11.84, 1.875
517  },{ 6.297, 0.4622, 65.39, 10.14, 5.036
518  // Z= 21-30
519  },{ 5.307, 0.4918, 61.74, 12.4, 6.665
520  },{ 4.71, 0.5087, 65.28, 8.806, 5.948
521  },{ 6.151, 0.4524, 83.0, 18.31, 2.71
522  },{ 6.57, 0.4322, 84.76, 15.53, 2.779
523  },{ 5.738, 0.4492, 84.6, 14.18, 3.101
524  },{ 5.013, 0.4707, 85.8, 16.55, 3.211
525  },{ 4.32, 0.4947, 76.14, 10.85, 5.441
526  },{ 4.652, 0.4571, 80.73, 22.0, 4.952
527  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 6.385
528  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 7.502
529  // Z= 31-40
530  },{ 3.114, 0.5236, 76.67, 7.62, 8.514
531  },{ 5.746, 0.4662, 79.24, 1.185, 7.993
532  },{ 2.792, 0.6346, 106.1, 0.2986, 2.331
533  },{ 4.667, 0.5095, 124.3, 2.102, 1.667
534  },{ 2.44, 0.6346, 105.0, 0.83, 2.851
535  },{ 1.413, 0.7377, 147.9, 1.466, 1.016
536  },{ 11.72, 0.3826, 102.8, 9.231, 4.371
537  },{ 7.126, 0.4804, 119.3, 5.784, 2.454
538  },{ 11.61, 0.3955, 146.7, 7.031, 1.423
539  },{ 10.99, 0.41, 163.9, 7.1, 1.052
540  // Z= 41-50
541  },{ 9.241, 0.4275, 163.1, 7.954, 1.102
542  },{ 9.276, 0.418, 157.1, 8.038, 1.29
543  },{ 3.999, 0.6152, 97.6, 1.297, 5.792
544  },{ 4.306, 0.5658, 97.99, 5.514, 5.754
545  },{ 3.615, 0.6197, 86.26, 0.333, 8.689
546  },{ 5.8, 0.49, 147.2, 6.903, 1.289
547  },{ 5.6, 0.49, 130.0, 10.0, 2.844
548  },{ 3.55, 0.6068, 124.7, 1.112, 3.119
549  },{ 3.6, 0.62, 105.8, 0.1692, 6.026
550  },{ 5.4, 0.53, 103.1, 3.931, 7.767
551  // Z= 51-60
552  },{ 3.97, 0.6459, 131.8, 0.2233, 2.723
553  },{ 3.65, 0.64, 126.8, 0.6834, 3.411
554  },{ 3.118, 0.6519, 164.9, 1.208, 1.51
555  },{ 3.949, 0.6209, 200.5, 1.878, 0.9126
556  },{ 14.4, 0.3923, 152.5, 8.354, 2.597
557  },{ 10.99, 0.4599, 138.4, 4.811, 3.726
558  },{ 16.6, 0.3773, 224.1, 6.28, 0.9121
559  },{ 10.54, 0.4533, 159.3, 4.832, 2.529
560  },{ 10.33, 0.4502, 162.0, 5.132, 2.444
561  },{ 10.15, 0.4471, 165.6, 5.378, 2.328
562  // Z= 61-70
563  },{ 9.976, 0.4439, 168.0, 5.721, 2.258
564  },{ 9.804, 0.4408, 176.2, 5.675, 1.997
565  },{ 14.22, 0.363, 228.4, 7.024, 1.016
566  },{ 9.952, 0.4318, 233.5, 5.065, 0.9244
567  },{ 9.272, 0.4345, 210.0, 4.911, 1.258
568  },{ 10.13, 0.4146, 225.7, 5.525, 1.055
569  },{ 8.949, 0.4304, 213.3, 5.071, 1.221
570  },{ 11.94, 0.3783, 247.2, 6.655, 0.849
571  },{ 8.472, 0.4405, 195.5, 4.051, 1.604
572  },{ 8.301, 0.4399, 203.7, 3.667, 1.459
573  // Z= 71-80
574  },{ 6.567, 0.4858, 193.0, 2.65, 1.66
575  },{ 5.951, 0.5016, 196.1, 2.662, 1.589
576  },{ 7.495, 0.4523, 251.4, 3.433, 0.8619
577  },{ 6.335, 0.4825, 255.1, 2.834, 0.8228
578  },{ 4.314, 0.5558, 214.8, 2.354, 1.263
579  },{ 4.02, 0.5681, 219.9, 2.402, 1.191
580  },{ 3.836, 0.5765, 210.2, 2.742, 1.305
581  },{ 4.68, 0.5247, 244.7, 2.749, 0.8962
582  },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416 //Au Z77
583  // },{ 3.223, 0.5883, 232.7, 2.954, 1.05 //Au ICRU
584  },{ 2.892, 0.6204, 208.6, 2.415, 1.416
585  // Z= 81-90
586  },{ 4.728, 0.5522, 217.0, 3.091, 1.386
587  },{ 6.18, 0.52, 170.0, 4.0, 3.224
588  },{ 9.0, 0.47, 198.0, 3.8, 2.032
589  },{ 2.324, 0.6997, 216.0, 1.599, 1.399
590  },{ 1.961, 0.7286, 223.0, 1.621, 1.296
591  },{ 1.75, 0.7427, 350.1, 0.9789, 0.5507
592  },{ 10.31, 0.4613, 261.2, 4.738, 0.9899
593  },{ 7.962, 0.519, 235.7, 4.347, 1.313
594  },{ 6.227, 0.5645, 231.9, 3.961, 1.379
595  },{ 5.246, 0.5947, 228.6, 4.027, 1.432
596  // Z= 91-92
597  },{ 5.408, 0.5811, 235.7, 3.961, 1.358
598  },{ 5.218, 0.5828, 245.0, 3.838, 1.25}
599  };
600 
601  // Free electron gas model
602  if ( T < 0.001 ) {
603  G4double slow = a[i][0] ;
604  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]*1000.0 + a[i][4]*0.001 )
605  * a[i][2]*1000.0 ;
606  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
607  ionloss *= sqrt(T*1000.0) ;
608 
609  // Main parametrisation
610  } else {
611  G4double slow = a[i][0] * G4Exp(G4Log(T*1000.0)*a[i][1]) ;
612  G4double shigh = G4Log( 1.0 + a[i][3]/T + a[i][4]*T ) * a[i][2]/T ;
613  ionloss = slow*shigh / (slow + shigh) ;
614  /*
615  G4cout << "## " << i << ". T= " << T << " slow= " << slow
616  << " a0= " << a[i][0] << " a1= " << a[i][1]
617  << " shigh= " << shigh
618  << " dedx= " << ionloss << " q^2= " << HeEffChargeSquare(z, T*MeV)
619  << G4endl;
620  */
621  }
622  if ( ionloss < 0.0) { ionloss = 0.0; }
623 
624  // He effective charge
625  ionloss /= HeEffChargeSquare(z, T);
626 
627  return ionloss;
628 }
629 
630 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
631 
632 G4double G4BraggIonModel::DEDX(const G4Material* material,
633  G4double kineticEnergy)
634 {
635  G4double eloss = 0.0;
636  // check DB
637  if(material != currentMaterial) {
638  currentMaterial = material;
639  iASTAR = -1;
640  iMolecula = -1;
641  if( !HasMaterial(material) ) { iASTAR = astar.GetIndex(material); }
642  }
643 
644  const G4int numberOfElements = material->GetNumberOfElements();
645  const G4double* theAtomicNumDensityVector =
646  material->GetAtomicNumDensityVector();
647 
648  if( iASTAR >= 0 ) {
649  G4double T = kineticEnergy*rateMassHe2p;
650  return astar.GetElectronicDEDX(iASTAR, T)*material->GetDensity()/
651  HeEffChargeSquare(astar.GetEffectiveZ(iASTAR), T/MeV);
652 
653  } else if(iMolecula >= 0) {
654 
655  eloss = StoppingPower(material, kineticEnergy)*
656  material->GetDensity()/amu;
657 
658  // pure material
659  } else if(1 == numberOfElements) {
660 
661  G4double z = material->GetZ();
662  eloss = ElectronicStoppingPower(z, kineticEnergy)
663  * (material->GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume());
664 
665  // Brugg's rule calculation
666  } else {
667  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector =
668  material->GetElementVector() ;
669 
670  // loop for the elements in the material
671  for (G4int i=0; i<numberOfElements; i++)
672  {
673  const G4Element* element = (*theElementVector)[i] ;
674  eloss += ElectronicStoppingPower(element->GetZ(), kineticEnergy)
675  * theAtomicNumDensityVector[i];
676  }
677  }
678  return eloss*theZieglerFactor;
679 }
680 
681 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
682 
683 G4double G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z,
684  G4double kinEnergyHeInMeV) const
685 {
686  // The aproximation of He effective charge from:
687  // J.F.Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark
688  // The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter,
689  // Vol.1, Pergamon Press, 1985
690 
691  static const G4double c[6] = {0.2865, 0.1266, -0.001429,
692  0.02402,-0.01135, 0.001475};
693 
694  G4double e = std::max(0.0, G4Log(kinEnergyHeInMeV*massFactor));
695  G4double x = c[0] ;
696  G4double y = 1.0 ;
697  for (G4int i=1; i<6; i++) {
698  y *= e ;
699  x += y * c[i] ;
700  }
701 
702  G4double w = 7.6 - e ;
703  w = 1.0 + (0.007 + 0.00005*z) * G4Exp( -w*w ) ;
704  w = 4.0 * (1.0 - G4Exp(-x)) * w * w ;
705 
706  return w;
707 }
708 
709 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
710 
G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh
G4Exp.hh
G4VEmModel::MaxSecondaryKinEnergy
G4double MaxSecondaryKinEnergy(const G4DynamicParticle *dynParticle)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:448
G4Material::GetIonisation
G4IonisParamMat * GetIonisation() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:224
MeV
static const double MeV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:193
G4Material::GetZ
G4double GetZ() const
Definition: G4Material.cc:606
G4LossTableManager::Instance
static G4LossTableManager * Instance()
Definition: G4LossTableManager.cc:112
G4VEmModel::GetParticleChangeForLoss
G4ParticleChangeForLoss * GetParticleChangeForLoss()
Definition: G4VEmModel.cc:107
cm2
static const double cm2
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:107
G4ElementVector
std::vector< G4Element * > G4ElementVector
Definition: G4ElementVector.hh:44
G4BraggIonModel::lowestKinEnergy
G4double lowestKinEnergy
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:169
G4BraggIonModel::G4BraggIonModel
G4BraggIonModel(const G4ParticleDefinition *p=0, const G4String &nam="BraggIon")
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:76
G4BraggIonModel::StoppingPower
G4double StoppingPower(const G4Material *material, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:410
G4DynamicParticle::GetKineticEnergy
G4double GetKineticEnergy() const
G4ThreeVector
CLHEP::Hep3Vector G4ThreeVector
Definition: G4ThreeVector.hh:42
G4BraggIonModel::HasMaterial
G4bool HasMaterial(const G4Material *material)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:379
z
G4double z
Definition: TRTMaterials.hh:39
G4BraggIonModel::CorrectionsAlongStep
virtual void CorrectionsAlongStep(const G4MaterialCutsCouple *, const G4DynamicParticle *, G4double &eloss, G4double &niel, G4double length)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:269
G4Material::GetChemicalFormula
const G4String & GetChemicalFormula() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:177
G4EmCorrections::EffectiveChargeSquareRatio
G4double EffectiveChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.hh:335
G4ASTARStopping::GetIndex
G4int GetIndex(const G4Material *)
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.cc:79
G4Element::GetZ
G4double GetZ() const
Definition: G4Element.hh:131
G4VEmModel::GetAngularDistribution
G4VEmAngularDistribution * GetAngularDistribution()
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:578
G4Material::GetDensity
G4double GetDensity() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:178
G4ASTARStopping::GetElectronicDEDX
G4double GetElectronicDEDX(G4int idx, G4double energy)
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.cc:95
G4EmCorrections::GetParticleCharge
G4double GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.hh:327
G4LossTableManager.hh
G4EmCorrections::EffectiveChargeCorrection
G4double EffectiveChargeCorrection(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4EmCorrections.cc:742
G4DynamicParticle::GetDefinition
G4ParticleDefinition * GetDefinition() const
a
G4double a
Definition: TRTMaterials.hh:39
G4VEmModel::GetModelOfFluctuations
G4VEmFluctuationModel * GetModelOfFluctuations()
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:571
G4EmCorrections.hh
G4Material::GetElementVector
const G4ElementVector * GetElementVector() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:188
G4int
int G4int
Definition: G4Types.hh:78
G4BraggIonModel::CrossSectionPerVolume
virtual G4double CrossSectionPerVolume(const G4Material *, const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:211
G4BraggIonModel::theZieglerFactor
G4double theZieglerFactor
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:174
G4ParticleDefinition::GetParticleName
const G4String & GetParticleName() const
Definition: G4ParticleDefinition.hh:159
G4BraggIonModel::particle
const G4ParticleDefinition * particle
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:156
G4BraggIonModel::MinEnergyCut
virtual G4double MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4MaterialCutsCouple *couple)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:138
G4VEmModel::SetHighEnergyLimit
void SetHighEnergyLimit(G4double)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:683
G4DynamicParticle::GetTotalMomentum
G4double GetTotalMomentum() const
G4BraggIonModel::fParticleChange
G4ParticleChangeForLoss * fParticleChange
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:158
G4BraggIonModel::GetParticleCharge
virtual G4double GetParticleCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *p, const G4Material *mat, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:159
G4UniformRand
#define G4UniformRand()
Definition: Randomize.hh:87
G4cout
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G4VEmAngularDistribution::SampleDirection
virtual G4ThreeVector & SampleDirection(const G4DynamicParticle *dp, G4double finalTotalEnergy, G4int Z, const G4Material *)=0
G4Material::GetElectronDensity
G4double GetElectronDensity() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:215
G4VEmModel::UseAngularGeneratorFlag
G4bool UseAngularGeneratorFlag() const
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:655
G4BraggIonModel::HeEffChargeSquare
G4double HeEffChargeSquare(G4double z, G4double kinEnergyInMeV) const
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:683
G4bool
bool G4bool
Definition: G4Types.hh:79
G4LossTableManager::EmCorrections
G4EmCorrections * EmCorrections()
Definition: G4LossTableManager.cc:1272
G4DynamicParticle::GetMomentumDirection
const G4ThreeVector & GetMomentumDirection() const
G4BraggIonModel::DEDX
G4double DEDX(const G4Material *material, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:632
G4ParticleChangeForLoss::SetProposedKineticEnergy
void SetProposedKineticEnergy(G4double proposedKinEnergy)
Definition: G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh:150
GeV
static const double GeV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:196
G4ParticleDefinition::GetParticleType
const G4String & GetParticleType() const
Definition: G4ParticleDefinition.hh:180
Randomize.hh
G4BraggIonModel::SampleSecondaries
virtual void SampleSecondaries(std::vector< G4DynamicParticle * > *, const G4MaterialCutsCouple *, const G4DynamicParticle *, G4double tmin, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:293
G4Log.hh
G4BraggIonModel::astar
G4ASTARStopping astar
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:160
G4BraggIonModel::ElectronicStoppingPower
G4double ElectronicStoppingPower(G4double z, G4double kineticEnergy) const
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:480
G4ParticleChangeForLoss::SetProposedMomentumDirection
void SetProposedMomentumDirection(const G4ThreeVector &dir)
Definition: G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh:194
G4Material::GetAtomicNumDensityVector
const G4double * GetAtomicNumDensityVector() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:214
G4PhysicalConstants.hh
G4Log
G4double G4Log(G4double x)
Definition: G4Log.hh:227
G4Exp
G4double G4Exp(G4double initial_x)
Exponential Function double precision.
Definition: G4Exp.hh:180
G4Material::GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume
G4double GetTotNbOfAtomsPerVolume() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:207
G4BraggIonModel::Initialise
virtual void Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4DataVector &)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:108
eV
static const double eV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:194
G4Electron.hh
G4ASTARStopping::GetEffectiveZ
G4double GetEffectiveZ(G4int idx)
Definition: G4ASTARStopping.hh:99
G4INCL::Math::max
T max(const T t1, const T t2)
brief Return the largest of the two arguments
Definition: G4INCLGlobals.hh:116
G4DeltaAngle.hh
G4INCL::KinematicsUtils::energy
G4double energy(const ThreeVector &p, const G4double m)
Definition: G4INCLKinematicsUtils.cc:156
G4VEmModel::SetAngularDistribution
void SetAngularDistribution(G4VEmAngularDistribution *)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:585
G4BraggIonModel::SetParticle
void SetParticle(const G4ParticleDefinition *p)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:184
G4INCL::Math::min
T min(const T t1, const T t2)
brief Return the smallest of the two arguments
Definition: G4INCLGlobals.hh:121
G4BraggIonModel.hh
G4BraggIonModel::theElectron
G4ParticleDefinition * theElectron
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:157
G4IonisParamMat::GetMeanExcitationEnergy
G4double GetMeanExcitationEnergy() const
Definition: G4IonisParamMat.hh:68
G4Electron::Electron
static G4Electron * Electron()
Definition: G4Electron.cc:94
G4endl
#define G4endl
Definition: G4ios.hh:61
G4BraggIonModel::GetChargeSquareRatio
virtual G4double GetChargeSquareRatio(const G4ParticleDefinition *, const G4Material *, G4double kineticEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:146
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom
virtual G4double ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double Z, G4double A, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:197
G4Material::GetNumberOfElements
size_t GetNumberOfElements() const
Definition: G4Material.hh:184
keV
static const double keV
Definition: G4SIunits.hh:195
G4double
double G4double
Definition: G4Types.hh:76
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron
virtual G4double ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy, G4double maxEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:171
G4SystemOfUnits.hh
G4VEmModel::SetDeexcitationFlag
void SetDeexcitationFlag(G4bool val)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:739
G4BraggIonModel::~G4BraggIonModel
virtual ~G4BraggIonModel()
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:103
G4BraggIonModel::currentMaterial
const G4Material * currentMaterial
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:162
G4VEmFluctuationModel::SetParticleAndCharge
virtual void SetParticleAndCharge(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double q2)
Definition: G4VEmFluctuationModel.cc:70
G4BraggIonModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume
virtual G4double ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material *, const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kineticEnergy, G4double cutEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:226
G4BraggIonModel::corr
G4EmCorrections * corr
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.hh:154
G4BraggIonModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy
virtual G4double MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition *, G4double kinEnergy)
Definition: G4BraggIonModel.cc:367
G4DynamicParticle::GetMomentum
G4ThreeVector GetMomentum() const
G4MaterialCutsCouple::GetMaterial
const G4Material * GetMaterial() const
Definition: G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh:150
G4VEmModel::SelectRandomAtomNumber
G4int SelectRandomAtomNumber(const G4Material *)
Definition: G4VEmModel.hh:529